ZAP Scanning Report

The Content Security Policy fails to define one of the directives that has no fallback. Missing/excluding them is the same as allowing anything.

Ensure that your web server, application server, load balancer, etc. is properly configured to set the Content-Security-Policy header.

Content Security Policy (CSP) is an added layer of security that helps to detect and mitigate certain types of attacks. Including (but not limited to) Cross Site Scripting (XSS), and data injection attacks. These attacks are used for everything from data theft to site defacement or distribution of malware. CSP provides a set of standard HTTP headers that allow website owners to declare approved sources of content that browsers should be allowed to load on that page — covered types are JavaScript, CSS, HTML frames, fonts, images and embeddable objects such as Java applets, ActiveX, audio and video files.

Ensure that your web server, application server, load balancer, etc. is properly configured to set the Content-Security-Policy header.

Content Security Policy (CSP) is an added layer of security that helps to detect and mitigate certain types of attacks. Including (but not limited to) Cross Site Scripting (XSS), and data injection attacks. These attacks are used for everything from data theft to site defacement or distribution of malware. CSP provides a set of standard HTTP headers that allow website owners to declare approved sources of content that browsers should be allowed to load on that page — covered types are JavaScript, CSS, HTML frames, fonts, images and embeddable objects such as Java applets, ActiveX, audio and video files.

Ensure that your web server, application server, load balancer, etc. is properly configured to set the Content-Security-Policy header.

Content Security Policy (CSP) is an added layer of security that helps to detect and mitigate certain types of attacks. Including (but not limited to) Cross Site Scripting (XSS), and data injection attacks. These attacks are used for everything from data theft to site defacement or distribution of malware. CSP provides a set of standard HTTP headers that allow website owners to declare approved sources of content that browsers should be allowed to load on that page — covered types are JavaScript, CSS, HTML frames, fonts, images and embeddable objects such as Java applets, ActiveX, audio and video files.

Ensure that your web server, application server, load balancer, etc. is properly configured to set the Content-Security-Policy header.

Web browser data loading may be possible, due to a Cross Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) misconfiguration on the web server.

Ensure that sensitive data is not available in an unauthenticated manner (using IP address white-listing, for instance).

Configure the "Access-Control-Allow-Origin" HTTP header to a more restrictive set of domains, or remove all CORS headers entirely, to allow the web browser to enforce the Same Origin Policy (SOP) in a more restrictive manner.

Application Source Code was disclosed by the web server. - SQL

Ensure that application Source Code is not available with alternative extensions, and ensure that source code is not present within other files or data deployed to the web server, or served by the web server.

A cookie has been set with its SameSite attribute set to "none", which means that the cookie can be sent as a result of a 'cross-site' request. The SameSite attribute is an effective counter measure to cross-site request forgery, cross-site script inclusion, and timing attacks.

Ensure that the SameSite attribute is set to either 'lax' or ideally 'strict' for all cookies.

A dangerous JS function seems to be in use that would leave the site vulnerable.

See the references for security advice on the use of these functions.

Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy header is an opt-in header designed to counter side-channels attacks like Spectre. Resource should be specifically set as shareable amongst different origins.

Ensure that the application/web server sets the Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy header appropriately, and that it sets the Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy header to 'same-origin' for all web pages.

'same-site' is considered as less secured and should be avoided.

If resources must be shared, set the header to 'cross-origin'.

If possible, ensure that the end user uses a standards-compliant and modern web browser that supports the Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy header (https://caniuse.com/mdn-http_headers_cross-origin-resource-policy).

Permissions Policy Header is an added layer of security that helps to restrict from unauthorized access or usage of browser/client features by web resources. This policy ensures the user privacy by limiting or specifying the features of the browsers can be used by the web resources. Permissions Policy provides a set of standard HTTP headers that allow website owners to limit which features of browsers can be used by the page such as camera, microphone, location, full screen etc.

Ensure that your web server, application server, load balancer, etc. is configured to set the Permissions-Policy header.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) headers were found, a response with multiple HSTS header entries is not compliant with the specification (RFC 6797) and only the first HSTS header will be processed others will be ignored by user agents or the HSTS policy may be incorrectly applied.

HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) is a web security policy mechanism whereby a web server declares that complying user agents (such as a web browser) are to interact with it using only secure HTTPS connections (i.e. HTTP layered over TLS/SSL).

Ensure that only one component in your stack: code, web server, application server, load balancer, etc. is configured to set or add a HTTP Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS) header.

The identified library appears to be vulnerable.

Upgrade to the latest version of the affected library.

The given request has been identified as an authentication request. The 'Other Info' field contains a set of key=value lines which identify any relevant fields. If the request is in a context which has an Authentication Method set to "Auto-Detect" then this rule will change the authentication to match the request identified.

This is an informational alert rather than a vulnerability and so there is nothing to fix.

Base64 encoded data was disclosed by the application/web server. Note: in the interests of performance not all base64 strings in the response were analyzed individually, the entire response should be looked at by the analyst/security team/developer(s).

Manually confirm that the Base64 data does not leak sensitive information, and that the data cannot be aggregated/used to exploit other vulnerabilities.

The Content-Type header was either missing or empty.

Ensure each page is setting the specific and appropriate content-type value for the content being delivered.

The request appeared to contain sensitive information leaked in the URL. This can violate PCI and most organizational compliance policies. You can configure the list of strings for this check to add or remove values specific to your environment.

Do not pass sensitive information in URIs.

The response appears to contain suspicious comments which may help an attacker.

Remove all comments that return information that may help an attacker and fix any underlying problems they refer to.

The application appears to be a modern web application. If you need to explore it automatically then the Ajax Spider may well be more effective than the standard one.

This is an informational alert and so no changes are required.

The response contents are not storable by caching components such as proxy servers. If the response does not contain sensitive, personal or user-specific information, it may benefit from being stored and cached, to improve performance.

The content may be marked as storable by ensuring that the following conditions are satisfied:

The request method must be understood by the cache and defined as being cacheable ("GET", "HEAD", and "POST" are currently defined as cacheable)

The response status code must be understood by the cache (one of the 1XX, 2XX, 3XX, 4XX, or 5XX response classes are generally understood)

The "no-store" cache directive must not appear in the request or response header fields

For caching by "shared" caches such as "proxy" caches, the "private" response directive must not appear in the response

For caching by "shared" caches such as "proxy" caches, the "Authorization" header field must not appear in the request, unless the response explicitly allows it (using one of the "must-revalidate", "public", or "s-maxage" Cache-Control response directives)

In addition to the conditions above, at least one of the following conditions must also be satisfied by the response:

It must contain an "Expires" header field

It must contain a "max-age" response directive

For "shared" caches such as "proxy" caches, it must contain a "s-maxage" response directive

It must contain a "Cache Control Extension" that allows it to be cached

It must have a status code that is defined as cacheable by default (200, 203, 204, 206, 300, 301, 404, 405, 410, 414, 501).

The cache-control header has not been set properly or is missing, allowing the browser and proxies to cache content. For static assets like css, js, or image files this might be intended, however, the resources should be reviewed to ensure that no sensitive content will be cached.

For secure content, ensure the cache-control HTTP header is set with "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate". If an asset should be cached consider setting the directives "public, max-age, immutable".

Specifies how and where the data would be used. For instance, if the value is audio, then the requested resource must be audio data and not any other type of resource.

Ensure that Sec-Fetch-Dest header is included in request headers.

Allows to differentiate between requests for navigating between HTML pages and requests for loading resources like images, audio etc.

Ensure that Sec-Fetch-Mode header is included in request headers.

Specifies the relationship between request initiator's origin and target's origin.

Ensure that Sec-Fetch-Site header is included in request headers.

Specifies if a navigation request was initiated by a user.

Ensure that Sec-Fetch-User header is included in user initiated requests.

The given response has been identified as containing a session management token. The 'Other Info' field contains a set of header tokens that can be used in the Header Based Session Management Method. If the request is in a context which has a Session Management Method set to "Auto-Detect" then this rule will change the session management to use the tokens identified.

This is an informational alert rather than a vulnerability and so there is nothing to fix.

The response contents are storable by caching components such as proxy servers, and may be retrieved directly from the cache, rather than from the origin server by the caching servers, in response to similar requests from other users. If the response data is sensitive, personal or user-specific, this may result in sensitive information being leaked. In some cases, this may even result in a user gaining complete control of the session of another user, depending on the configuration of the caching components in use in their environment. This is primarily an issue where "shared" caching servers such as "proxy" caches are configured on the local network. This configuration is typically found in corporate or educational environments, for instance.

Validate that the response does not contain sensitive, personal or user-specific information. If it does, consider the use of the following HTTP response headers, to limit, or prevent the content being stored and retrieved from the cache by another user:

Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate, private

Pragma: no-cache

Expires: 0

This configuration directs both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1 compliant caching servers to not store the response, and to not retrieve the response (without validation) from the cache, in response to a similar request.

The response contents are storable by caching components such as proxy servers, but will not be retrieved directly from the cache, without validating the request upstream, in response to similar requests from other users.